Carl Linnaeus

Biological taxonomy

Early Modern influential 145 sayings

Sayings by Carl Linnaeus

Natural bodies are divided into three kingdoms of nature: viz. the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms. Minerals grow, Plants grow and live, Animals grow, live, and have feeling.

1735 — From 'Systema Naturae' (1735), outlining his fundamental classification of the natural world, with p…
Philosophical Unverifiable

The species and the genus are always the work of nature [i.e. specially created]; the variety mostly that of circumstance; the class and the order are the work of nature and art.

1751 — From 'Philosophia Botanica' (1751), aphorism 162. A statement on the origin of biological categories…
Philosophical Unverifiable

In natural science the principles of truth ought to be confirmed by observation.

18th Century — Emphasizing empiricism as the basis for scientific truth.
Philosophical Unverifiable

When all the thoughts are concerning one thing and the person loses interest in other things, the melancholy begins.

18th Century — A psychological observation on the nature of obsession and its link to melancholy.
Philosophical Unverifiable

When the spiritual light is concentrated in the brain, everything else must be sinking in the dark.

18th Century — A profound statement on the intensity of focused spiritual or intellectual activity.
Philosophical Unverifiable

¿Qué tiene de extraño que yo no vea a Dios si no puedo ver siquiera al Yo que vive en mí?

18th Century — Translated from Spanish: 'What is strange about me not seeing God if I cannot even see the Self that…
Philosophical Unverifiable

Blessed be the Lord for the beauty of summer and spring, for the air, the water, the verdure, and the song of birds.

18th Century — A statement reflecting his deep appreciation for nature and its divine origin.
Philosophical Unverifiable

Nature does not make any leaps. (Natura non facit saltus)

1751 — A fundamental principle of his natural philosophy, suggesting gradualism in nature, from 'Philosophi…
Philosophical Unverifiable

I saw the infinite, all-knowing and all-powerful God from behind as he went away, and I grew dizzy. I followed his footsteps over nature's fields and saw everywhere an eternal wisdom and power, an inscrutable perfection.

1735 — A profound spiritual and scientific reflection on observing God through nature, from 'Systema Natura…
Philosophical Unverifiable

Nature's economy shall be the base for our own, for it is immutable, but ours is secondary. An economist without knowledge of nature is therefore like a physicist without knowledge of mathematics.

18th Century — A statement on the importance of understanding natural systems for human endeavors, particularly eco…
Philosophical Unverifiable

The first step in wisdom is to know the things themselves; this notion consists in having a true idea of the objects; objects are distinguished and known by classifying them methodically and giving them appropriate names. Therefore, classification and name-giving will be the foundation of our science.

1751 — From 'Philosophia Botanica' (1751), aphorism 151. A philosophical justification for taxonomy as a pa…
Philosophical Unverifiable

Human beings, having, above all creatures, received the power of reason... need to be aware where nature is unaware. Nature reaches its culmination in humans, but human consciousness has not its essence in itself or nature.

18th Century — A deep reflection on humanity's unique place in nature and the nature of consciousness.
Philosophical Unverifiable

There are as many species as the infinite being created diverse forms in the beginning, which, following the laws of generation, produced many others, but always similar to them: therefore there are as many species as we have different structures before us today.

1751 — From 'Philosophia Botanica' (1751), aphorism 157. A statement on the fixity of species and divine cr…
Philosophical Unverifiable

Yet man does recognise himself [as an animal]. But I ask you and the whole world for a generic differentia between man and ape which conforms to the principles of natural history, I certainly know of none... If I were to call man ape or vice versa, I should bring down all the theologians on my head. But perhaps I should still do it according to the rules of science.

1747 — From a letter to Johann Gmelin (1747). A remarkably bold and controversial statement for his time, q…
Philosophical Unverifiable

These stones alone whisper in the midst of general silence.

1751 — From 'Philosophia Botanica' (1751), aphorism 132. A poetic and profound statement about the silent t…
Philosophical Unverifiable

My mind reels when, on this height, I look down on the long ages that have flowed by like waves in the sound and have left traces of the ancient world, traces so nearly obscured that they can only whisper now that everything else has been silenced.

18th Century — A deeply philosophical reflection on deep time and the ephemeral nature of human knowledge in the fa…
Philosophical Unverifiable

For wealth disappears, the most magnificent houses fall into decay, the most numerous family at some time or another comes to an end: the greatest and the most prosperous kingdoms can be overthrown: but the whole of Nature must be blotted out before the race of plants passes away, and he is forgotten who in Botany held up the torch.

18th Century — A philosophical statement on the transience of human achievements compared to the enduring nature of…
Philosophical Unverifiable

Every genus is natural, created as such in the beginning, hence not to be rashly split up or stuck together by whim or according to anyone's theory.

18th Century — From his writings, emphasizing the divine origin and natural integrity of genera.
Philosophical Unverifiable

By a botanist I mean one who understands how to observe the genera of Nature. I judge unworthy of the name of botanist the meddlesome person who is indifferent to genera.

18th Century — A definition of a true botanist, highlighting the importance of understanding natural groupings.
Philosophical Unverifiable

The Earth's Creation is the glory of God, as seen from the works of Nature by Man alone.

18th Century — A statement linking natural history to theological understanding.
Philosophical Unverifiable